Appearance
专业英语词典
1. 缩写单词
1.1 工程技术相关缩写
| 缩写 | 全称 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| IS | Information System | 信息系统 |
| MIS | Management Information System | 管理信息系统 |
| TPS | Transaction process System | 事务处理系统 |
| DSS | Decision Support System | 决策支持系统 |
| ERP | Enterprise Resource Planning | 企业资源计划 |
| MRP | Material Requirement Planning | 物料需求计划 |
| MRPII | Manufacturing Resource Planning | 制造资源计划 |
| BSP | Business System Planning | 企业系统规划 |
| CAD | Computer－Aided Design | 计算机辅助设计 |
| OCR | Optical Character Recognition | 光学字符识别 |
| SA | Structured Analysis | 结构化分析方法 |
| OOA | ObjectOriented Analysis | 面向对象分析方法 |
| OOD | ObjectOriented Design | 面向对象设计 |
| OOP | Object Oriented Programming | 面向对象编程 |
| DFD | Data Flow Diagram | 数据流图 |
| DD | Data Dictionary | 数据字典 |
| ER | Entity Relationship Diagram | ER 图 |
| OLAP | OnLine Analytical Processing | 在线联机分析处理 |
| OLTP | OnLine Transaction Processing | 联机事务处理系统 |
| EDI | Electronic Data Interchange | 电子数据交换 |
| CRM | Customer Relationship Management | 客户关系管理 |
| SCM | Supply Chain Management | 供应链管理 |
| DM | Data Mining | 数据挖掘 |
| DW | Data Warehouse | 数据仓库 |
| DB | Database | 数据库 |
| ITIL | Information Technology Infrastructure Library | 信息技术基础架构库 |
| ITSM | IT Service Management | IT 服务管理 |
| MSG | Message | 消息 |
| UML | Unified Modeling Language | 统一建模语言 |
| C/S | Client/Server | 客户机/服务器 |
| B/S | Browser/Server | 浏览器/服务器 |
| SOA | Service Oriented Architecture | 面向服务的体系结构 |
| RPC | Remote Procedure Call | 远程过程调用 |
| SOAP | Simple Object Access Protocol | 简单对象访问协议 |
| WSDL | Web Services Description Language | Web 服务描述语言 |
| UDDI | Universal Description, Discovery and Integration | 通用描述、发现与集成服务 |
| XML | Extensible Markup Language | 可扩展标记语言 |
| HTML | Hypertext Markup Language | 超文本标记语言 |
| WFMS | Workflow Management System | 工作流管理系统 |
| CORBA | Common Object Request Broker Architecture | 公共对象请求代理体系结构 |
| OMG | Object Management Group | 对象管理组织 |
| DCOM | Distributed Component Object Model | 分布式构件对象模型 |
| API | Application Programming Interface | 应用程序编程接口 |
| LAN | Local Area Network | 局域网 |
| WAN | Wide Area Network | 广域 |
| OSI | Open System Interconnect | 开放式互联系统 |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol | 传输控制协议 |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol | 用户数据包协议 |
| ARP | Address Resolution Protocol | 地址解析协议 |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator | 统一资源定位器 |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol | 文件传输协议 |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol | 动态主机设置协议 |
| PPTP | Point to Point Tunneling Protocol | 点对点协议 |
| ATM | Asynchronous Transfer Mode | 异步传输模式 |
| DAS | DirectAttached Storage | 直接连接存储 |
| NAS | Network Attached Storage | 网络连接存储 |
| SAN | Storage Area Network | 存储区域网络 |
| PDS | Premises Distribution System | 综合布线系统 |
| SQA | Software Quality Assurance | 软件质量保证 |
| FDMA | Frequency Division Multiple Access | 频分多址 |
| WDMA | Wave Division Multiple Access | 波分多址 |
| TDMA | Time Division Multiple Access | 时分多址 |
| CDMA | Code Division Multiple Access | 码分多址 |
| ADSL | Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line | 非对称数字用户环路 |
| HDSL | Highspeed Digital Subscriber Line | 高速率数字用户线路 |
| VDSL | Veryhighbitrate Digital Subscriber loop | 甚高速数字用户环路 |
| HFC | Hybrid Fiber－Coaxial | 混合光纤同轴电缆网 |
| DDN | Digital Data Network | 数字数据网 |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network | 虚拟专用网 |
| AON | Active Optical Network | 有源光网络 |
| PON | Passive Optical Network | 无源光网络 |
| SDH | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy | 同步光网络 |
| PDH | Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy | 异步光网络 |
| FTTR | Fiber To The Remote module | 光纤到远端接入点 |
| FTTB | Fiber to The Building | 光纤到楼 |
| FTTC | Fiber To The Curb | 光纤到路边 |
| FTTZ | Fiber To The Zone | 光纤到小区 |
| FTTH | Fiber To The Home | 光纤到户 |
| IPSec | The Internet Protocol Security | Internet 协议安全性 |
| PKI | Public Key Infrastructure | 公钥基础设施 |
| PMI | Privilege Management Infrastructure | 授权管理基础设施 |
| CA | Certification Authorization | 认证机关 |
| G2E | Government to Employee | 政府对公务员 |
| G2B | Government to Business | 政府对企业 |
| G2G | Government to Government | 政府部门之间 |
| G2C | Government to Citizen | 政府对公众 |
| BI | Business Intelligence | 商业智能 |
| EC | Electronic Commerce | 电子商务 |
| B2B | Business To Business | 企业对企业 |
| B2C | Business To Customer | 企业对消费者 |
| C2C | Customer To Customer | 消费者对消费者 |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization | 国际标准化组织 |
| IEC | International Electro technical Commission | 国际电工委员会 |
| ITU | International Telecommunications Union | 国际电信联盟 |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | 电气电子工程师协会 |
| GIS | Geographic Information System | 地理信息系统 |
| IOT | Internet of Things | 物联网 |
| RAID | Redundant Array of Independent Disk | 独立冗余磁盘阵列 |
| RFID | Radio Frequency Identification | 射频识别 |
| DES | Data Encryption Standard | 数据加密标准 |
| IDEA | International Data Encryption Algorithm | 国际加密数据算法 |
| RSA | Ron Rivest、Adi Shamirh 和 LenAdleman 三人创建 | 一种非对称加密算法 |
1.2 项目管理相关缩写
| 缩写 | 全称 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| PMBOK | Project Management Body Of Knowledge | 项目管理知识体系 |
| PMO | Project Management Office | 项目管理办公室 |
| PMIS | Project Management Information System | 项目管理信息系统 |
| ES | Earliest Start Time | 最早开始时间 |
| EF | Earliest Finish Time | 最早完成时间 |
| LS | Latest Start Time | 最迟开始时间 |
| LF | Latest Finish Time | 最迟完成时间 |
| TF | Total Float | 总时差 |
| FF | Free Float | 自由时差 |
| ABC | Activity Based Costing | 基于活动的成本核算 |
| EVM | Earned Value Management | 挣值管理 |
| PV | Plan Value | 计划工作量的预算费用 |
| AC | Actual Cost | 已完成工作量的实际费用 |
| EV | Earned Value | 已完成工作量的预算成本 |
| SV | Schedule Variance | 进度偏差 |
| CV | Cost Variance | 费用偏差 |
| CPI | Cost Performed Index | 成本绩效指标 |
| SPI | Schedule Performed Index | 进度绩效指标 |
| EAC | Estimate At Completion | 完成时估算 |
| BAC | Budget At Completion | 计划总额 |
| ETC | Estimate To Complete | 完成尚需成本估算 |
| TQM | Total Quality Management | 全面质量管理 |
| QA | Quality Assurance | 质量保证 |
| QC | Quality Control | 质量控制 |
| OBS | Organizational Breakdown Structure | 组织分解结构 |
| RBS | Resource Breakdown Structure | 资源分解结构 |
| RAM | Responsibility Assignment Matrix | 责任分配矩阵 |
| CM | Configuration Management | 配置管理 |
| CCB | Configuration Management Board | 配置管理委员会 |
| CMO | Configuration Management Officer | 配置管理员 |
| SWOT | Strengths、Weaknesses、Opportunities、Threats | 优势、劣势、机遇、挑战 |
| CPFF | Cost Plus Fixed Fee | 成本加固定费用（合同） |
| CPIF | Cost Plus Incentive Fee | 成本加奖励费用（合同） |
| FFP | Firm Fixed Price | 完全固定总价（合同） |
2. 常见词组
2.1 工程技术相关词组
| 词组 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| Data Mining | 数据挖掘 |
| Data Warehouse | 数据仓库 |
| Database | 数据库 |
| Data Mart | 数据集市 |
| Information Technology Infrastructure Library | 信息技术基础架构库 |
| IT Service Management | IT 服务管理 |
| Message | 消息 |
| Communication | 消息通信 |
| Unified Modeling Language | 统一建模语言 |
| Use case diagram | 用例图 |
| Class diagram | 类图 |
| Object diagram | 对象图 |
| Component diagram | 构件图 |
| Deployment diagram | 部署图 |
| State diagram | 状态图 |
| Sequence diagram | 序列图 |
| Collaboration diagram | 协作图 |
| Activity diagram | 活动图 |
| C/S, Client/Server | 客户机/服务器 |
| B/S, Browser/Server | 浏览器/服务器 |
| Service Oriented Architecture | 面向服务的体系结构 |
| Component | 构件 |
| Container | 容器 |
| WorkFlow | 工作流 |
| Graphical User Interface | 图形用户界面 |
| Logic View | 逻辑视图 |
| Development View | 开发视图 |
| Module View | 模块视图 |
| Process View | 进程视图 |
| Physical View | 物理视图 |
| Scenarios | 场景 |
| Attribute | 属性 |
| Object | 对象 |
| Class | 类 |
| Inheritance | 继承 |
| Dependency | 依赖 |
| Generalization | 泛化 |
| Aggregation | 聚合 |
| Composite | 组合 |
| Association | 关联 |
| function | 函数 |
| template | 模版 |
| LAN, Local Area Network | 局域网 |
| Ethernet | 以太网 |
| Token King | 令牌环网 |
| WAN, Wide Area Network | 广域网 |
| Proxy | 代理 |
| Server | 服务器 |
| Workstation | 工作站 |
| Bridge | 网桥 |
| Router | 路由器 |
| Gateway | 网关 |
| Switch | 交换机 |
| OSI, Open System Interconnect | 开放式互联系统 |
| Physical Layer | 物理层 |
| Datalink Layer | 数据链路层 |
| Network Layer | 网络层 |
| Transport Layer | 传输层 |
| Session Layer | 会话层 |
| Presentation Layer | 表示层 |
| Application Layer | 应用层 |
| Virus | 病毒 |
| Firewall | 防火墙 |
| Directory structure | 目录结构 |
| Work Area Subsystem | 工作区子系统 |
| Horizontal Backbone Subsystem | 水平干线子系统 |
| Administrator Subsystem | 管理子系统 |
| Backbone Subsystem | 垂直干线子系统 |
| Campus Backbone Subsystem | 楼宇（建筑群）子系统 |
| Equipment Room Subsystem | 设备间子系统 |
| Software Quality Assurance | 软件质量保证 |
| Performance | 性能 |
| Reliability | 可靠性 |
| Availability | 可用性 |
| Security | 安全性 |
| Modifiability | 可修改性 |
| Maintainability | 可维护性 |
| Extendibility | 可扩展性 |
| Reassemble | 结构重组 |
| Portability | 可移植性 |
| Functionality | 功能性 |
| Confidentiality | 机密性 |
| Integrity | 完整性 |
| NonRepudiation | 不可否认性 |
| Cloud Computing | 云计算 |
| Grid Computing | 网格计算 |
| Distributed Computing | 分布式计算 |
| Information Security | 信息安全 |
2.2 项目管理相关词组
| 词组 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| Operations | 运作 |
| Process | 过程 |
| Activity | 活动 |
| Activity Description | 活动描述 |
| Activity Definition | 活动定义 |
| Activity Description | 活动描述/说明 |
| Activity List | 活动清单 |
| Phases | 阶段 |
| Approve | 批准 |
| Product Life Cycle | 产品生命周期 |
| PMO, Project Management Office | 项目管理办公室 |
| Project Charter | 项目章程 |
| Project Manager | 项目经理 |
| Project Sponsor | 项目发起人 |
| Project Stakeholder | 项目干系人 |
| Project Management Plan | 项目管理计划 |
| Project Team | 项目团队 |
| Functional Organization | 职能组织 |
| Matrix Organization | 矩阵型组织 |
| Project Organization | 项目型组织 |
| PMIS, Project Management Information System | 项目管理信息系统 |
| Project Management Process Group | 项目管理过程组 |
| Initiating Process | 启动过程组 |
| Planning Process | 计划过程组 |
| Executing Process | 执行过程组 |
| Controlling Process | 控制过程组 |
| Closing Process | 收尾过程组 |
| Plan | 计划 |
| Rolling Wave Plan | 滚动式计划 |
| Do | 行动 |
| Check | 检查 |
| Action | 处理 |
| Walkthrough | 走查 |
| Inspection | 审查 |
| Review | 评审 |
| Demonstration | 论证 |
| Roundrobin Review | 轮查 |
| Defect | 缺陷 |
| Brainstorming | 头脑风暴法 |
| CMM, Capability Maturity Model | 能力成熟度模型 |
| CMMI, Capability Maturity Model Integration | 能力成熟度模型集成 |
| Input | 输入 |
| Output | 输出 |
| Tool | 工具 |
| Method | 方法 |
| Technology | 技术 |
| Enterprise Environmental Factors | 事业环境因素 |
| Organizational Process Assets | 组织过程资产 |
| SOW, Statement Of Work | 工作说明书 |
| CR, Change Request | 变更请求 |
| CCB, Change Control Board | 变更控制委员会 |
| WBS, Work Breakdown Structure | 工作分解结构 |
| Delphi | 德尔菲法 |
| CPM, Critical Path Method | 关键路线法 |
| Gantt Chart | 甘特图 |
| Bar Chart | 横道图 |
| PERT, Program Evaluation and Review Technique | 计划评审技术 |
| Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique | 图形评审技术 |
| Analogous Estimating | 类比估算 |
| Expert Judgment | 专家判断 |
| Monte Carlo Analysis | 蒙特卡洛分析 |
| Sensitivity Analysis | 灵敏度分析 |
| Threepoint Estimate | 三点估算 |
| Pareto Chart | 帕累托图 |
| Reserve Analysis | 预留分析 |
| COCOMO, Constructive Cost Model | 构造性成本模型 |
| ADM, Arrow Diagram Method | 箭线图法 |
| PDM, Precedence Diagram Method | 前导图法 |
| Bottom-Up-Estimating | 自底向上法 |
| Decision Tree Analysis | 决策树分析 |
| AOA, Active On the Arrow | 双代号网络图法 |
| Critical Design Review | 关键设计评审 |
| Workaround | 权变措施 |
| S-Curve | S 曲线 |
| Schedule | 进度 |
| Schedule Analysis | 进度计划分析 |
| Schedule Compression | 进度计划压缩 |
| Schedule Control | 进度计划控制 |
| Dummy Activity | 虚活动 |
| Optimistic time | -乐观时间 |
| Most likely time | 最可能时间 |
| Pessimistic time | 悲观时间 |
| ES, Earliest Start Time | 最早开始时间 |
| EF, Earliest Finish Time | 最早完成时间 |
| LS, Latest Start Time | 最迟开始时间 |
| LF, Latest Finish Time | 最迟完成时间 |
| TF, Total Float | 总时差 |
| FF, Free Float | 自由时差 |
| Crashing | 压缩、赶工 |
| Concurrent Engineering | 并行工程 |
| Resource Calendar | 资源日历 |
| Resource Leveling | 资源平衡 |
| Resource Planning | 资源规划 |
| Fast Tracking | 快速跟进 |
| Product Scope | -产品范围 |
| Project Scope | -项目范围 |
| Scope Change | -范围变更 |
| Scope Creep | 范围蔓延 |
| Scope Definition | 范围定义 |
| Scope Verification | 范围验证 |
| Work Package | 工作包 |
| Cost | 成本 |
| ABC, Activity Based Costing | 基于活动的成本核算 |
| EVM, Earned Value Management | 挣值管理 |
| PV, Plan Value | 计划工作量的预算费用 |
| AC, Actual Cost | 已完成工作量的实际费用 |
| EV, Earned Value | 已完成工作量的预算成本 |
| SV, Schedule Variance | 进度偏差 |
| CV, Cost Variance | 费用偏差 |
| CPI, Cost Performed Index | 成本绩效指标 |
| SPI, Schedule Performed Index | 进度绩效指标 |
| EAC, Estimate At Completion | 完成时估算 |
| BAC, Budget At Completion | 计划总额 |
| ETC, Estimate To Complete | 完成尚需成本估算 |
| Cost Estimating | 成本估算 |
| Cost Management Plan | 成本管理计划 |
| Cost Baseline | 成本基准 |
| Cost Budget | 成本预算 |
| Cost Variance | 成本偏差 |
| Cost of Quality | 质量成本 |
| Quality | 质量 |
| TQM, Total Quality Management | 全面质量管理 |
| QA, Quality Assurance | 质量保证 |
| QC, Quality Control | 质量控制 |
| Acceptable Quality Level | 可接受质量水平 |
| Deliverable | 可交付物 |
| Benchmarking Analysis | 基准比较分析法 |
| OBS, Organizational Breakdown Structure | 组织分解结构 |
| RBS, Resource Breakdown Structure | 资源分解结构 |
| RAM, Responsibility Assignment Matrix | 责任分配矩阵 |
| Virtual Team | 虚拟团队 |
| Team Development | 团队建设 |
| Team members | 团队成员 |
| Communicate | 沟通 |
| Communication Channel | 沟通渠道 |
| Communication Plan | 沟通计划 |
| Information Distribution | 信息分发 |
| Performance Report | 绩效报告 |
| Problem Solving | 问题解决 |
| Compromise | 妥协 |
| Smooth | 圆滑 |
| Force | 强迫 |
| Withdrawal | 撤退 |
| Risk | 风险 |
| Risk Distinguish | 风险识别 |
| Risk Analysis | 风险分析 |
| Quantitative Risk Analysis | 定量风险分析 |
| Qualitative Risk Analysis | 定性风险分析 |
| Risk Response | 风险应对 |
| Risk Acceptance | 风险接受 |
| Risk Aversion | 风险规避 |
| Risk Mitigation | 风险缓解 |
| Residual Transference | 风险转移 |
| Residual Risk | 残余风险 |
| CM, Configuration Management | 配置管理 |
| CCB, Configuration Management Board | 配置管理委员会 |
| CMO, Configuration Management Officer | 配置管理员 |
| CI, Configuration Items | 配置项 |
| Version | 版本 |
| Document | 文档 |
| System Documentation | 系统文档 |
| User Documentation | 用户文档 |
| Product Documentation | 产品文档 |
| Configuration Library | 配置库 |
| Development Library | 开发库 |
| Controlled Library | 受控库 |
| Product Library | 产品库 |
| Base line | 基线 |
| Milestone | 里程碑 |